Aim: Interleukin-22 (IL-22) exhibits both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties in
various biological processes. In this study we explored the effects of exogenous …

Asthma is a chronic airway inflammation that is characterized by intense eosinophil
infiltrates, mucus hypersecretion, airway remodeling, and airway hyperresponsiveness …

Abstract IL-4 and IL-13 are closely related cytokines that are produced by Th2 cells.
However, IL-4 and IL-13 have different effects on the development of asthma phenotypes …

Human airway smooth muscle (ASM) plays an immunomodulatory role in asthma. Recently,
IL-17A has become of increasing interest in asthma, being found at elevated levels in …

BACKGROUND: IL-22 controls tissue homeostasis by both proinflammatory and anti-
inflammatory effects. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of IL-22 remain poorly …

ABSTRACT Interleukin 31 (IL-31) is a four-helix cytokine made predominantly by Th2 CD4+
T cells. It was initially identified as being associated with the promotion of atopic dermatitis …

Abstract Interleukin (IL)-35 is a newly discovered suppressive cytokine and has been shown
to alleviate inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this study was to …

Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a critical mediator of asthma pathology. On B cells, monocytes,
epithelial cells, and smooth muscle cells, IL-13 acts through the IL-13Rα1/IL-4Rα complex to …

Background Growing evidence shows that interleukin 13 (IL-13) may play an essential role
in the development of airway inflammation and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR), two …

Background: A total of 262 million people worldwide suffer from asthma and 461000 people
died from it in 2019. Asthma is a disease with different endotypes defined by the …