Abstract Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) is approved for treatment of different cholinergic
hyperactivity disorders, and, recently, migraine headache. Although suggested to act only …

Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) is approved for treatment of chronic migraine and has been
investigated in various other painful conditions. Recent evidence demonstrated retrograde …

Here we provide behavioural evidence for an axonal transport and the central origin of the
antinociceptive effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A). In rats we investigated the …

Unlike most classical analgesics, botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) does not alter acute
nociceptive thresholds, and shows selectivity primarily for allodynic and hyperalgesic …

Axonal transport of enzymatically active botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) from periphery to the
CNS has been described in facial and trigeminal nerve, leading to cleavage of …

Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) is one of the most potent toxins known and a potential
biological threat. At the same time, it is among the most widely used therapeutic proteins …

Background Although botulinum toxin type A (BT‐A) is approved for chronic migraine
treatment, its site and mechanism of action are still elusive. Recently our group discovered …

The mechanism of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) antinociceptive action in the central
nervous system is little known. The potential interaction between BTX-A and GABAergic …

The mechanism by which intramuscular injection of BoNTA into the craniofacial muscles
decreases migraine headaches is not known. In a blinded study, the effect of BoNTA on the …

Botulinum toxin type A, a neurotoxin, is effective for treating a variety of disorders of
involuntary muscle contraction including cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, and hemifacial …