The brooded larva of Ostrea chilensis is not an obligate lecithotroph, as has often been
supposed, because it removes particles from the mantle cavity of the parent oyster. The …

Female amphipods (Crustacea) carry their fertilized eggs in an external brood pouch until
the fully formed juveniles emerge (passive brood care). They may also direct specific …

Squat lobsters frequently inhabit low-oxygen waters, facing particular physiological
challenges. Pleuroncodes monodon inhabits one of the most extreme oxygen minimum …

Aggregation of embryos in clutches that lack internal circulation can increase the risk of
hypoxia by limiting gas exchange. As a result, limits on oxygen solubility and diffusion in …

In semi-terrestrial crustaceans, mothers and the carried embryos form a unit. The ideal
conditions for embryonic development place a sustained demand on the mothers' energy …

Gaimardia bahamondei is a small gonochoric bivalve which lives attached to subtidal algae.
Females brood their embryos in the suprabranchial region of the pallial cavity, in close …

Encapsulation of developing embryos imposes potential restrictions, because the capsule
wall must allow for adequate inward diffusion of oxygen and for increased diffusion of …

the evolutionary radiation of the family syngnathidae was accompanied by a diversification
of structures involved in male parental care whose anatomical variations may signal …

As negative effects of ocean acidification are experienced by coastal ecosystems, there is a
growing trend to investigate the effect ocean acidification has on multiple generations …

The suspension-feeding gastropod Crepipatella dilatata occurs in estuaries in southern
Chile that experience considerable fluctuations in salinity, driven by tidal and atmospheric …