The establishment of a chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection is associated with defective HCV-
specific T cell responses. Recent studies suggest that negative T cell regulators such as …

The impaired function of CD8+ T cells is characteristic of hepatitis C virus (HCV) persistent
infection. HCV core protein has been reported to inhibit CD8+ T cell responses. To …

Although dysfunctional dendritic cells contribute to inadequate adaptive immunity in chronic
hepatitis B (CHB), underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely undefined. In this study …

B7-H1 binding to programmed death-1 may deliver a coinhibitory signal to T cells that is
involved in the regulation of T-cell activation and tolerance. B7-H1 plays a key role in …

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The requirement for costimulation of CD8 T-cell priming and
restimulation by nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells is unresolved. Here, we …

BACKGROUND & AIMS: In patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus
(HCV) infections, antiviral functions of T cells are impaired; these might be increased by …

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The immunoinhibitory receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1) is up-
regulated on dysfunctional virus-specific CD8 T cells during chronic viral infections, and …

Upon systemic activation by antigens, CD8+, but not CD4+, T cells selectively accumulate
and undergo apoptosis in the liver, a mechanism associated with the induction of hepatic …

Background The failure to establish potent anti-HBV T cell responses suggests the absence
of an effective innate immune activation. Kupffer cells and liver-infiltrating monocytes …

Members of the B7 family have been shown to be important for regulating immune
responses by providing either positive or negative costimulatory signals. The function of B7 …