There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that apoptosis is involved in ischemic brain
injury. Recent studies suggest that a rapid necrosis masked a more subtle apoptotic death in …

Publisher Summary Glutamate or its analogs, such as homocysteate (HCA), induce
nonreceptor-mediated toxicity in immature cortical neurons. Nonreceptor-mediated toxicity …

Apoptosis induced by K+/serum deprivation (low K+) in cerebellar granule neurons has
been extensively investigated. The mitochondria play a key role in apoptosis by releasing …

A high oxygen atmosphere induced apoptosis in cultured neuronal cells including PC12
cells and rat embryonic cortical, hippocampal, and basal forebrain neurons associated with …

In vitro models of hypoxic/hypoglycemic injury reveal common mechanisms with glutamate
excitotoxicity, but glutamate-induced toxicity in the absence of oxygen has never been …

Cell cultures are useful tools to study the mechanisms involved in cell death following
hypoxia or ischemia. By manipulating the extracellular environment, conditions that closely …

Identifying the factors responsible for the exquisite sensitivity of the brain to anoxia and
ischemia has been very difficult with currently available preparations. During the past three …

A brief interruption of blood flow to the brain results in the selective loss of specific
subpopulations of neurons. Important advances have been made in recent years in defining …

Severe acidosis caused death of cultured cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). Acidosis was
accompanied by a progressive increase of the intracellular zinc ions ([Zn 2+] i) and decrease …

Several signaling pathways are differentially activated during apoptotic cell death. We have
previously found that during apoptotic death of cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) induced …