Since the realization that the tips of scanning probe microscopes can interact with atoms at
surfaces, there has been much interest in the possibility of building or modifying …

SINCE its invention in the early 1980s by Binnig and Rohrer1, 2, the scanning tunnelling
microscope (STM) has provided images of surfaces and adsorbed atoms and molecules …

Using the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) to mechanically manipulate
individual atoms and molecules on a surface is now a well established procedure,. Similarly …

In a very short time the scanning tunnelling microscope has become an important tool in
surface science, and physics in general1–3. Its primary use has been to obtain atomic …

Atoms in close-packed surfaces of metal crystals move around at surprisingly high rates,
even though each atom is locked in tightly by its neighbours. Here we use a low density of …

During the past 20 years, the manipulation of atoms and molecules at surfaces has allowed
the construction and characterization of model systems that could, potentially, act as building …

Scanning probe microscopy is a versatile and powerful method that uses sharp tips to
image, measure and manipulate matter at surfaces with atomic resolution,. At cryogenic …

THE scanning tunnelling microscope1 (STM) has been employed in recent years in attempts
to develop atomic-scale electronic devices, both by examining device-like characteristics in …

The ability to manipulate single atoms and molecules laterally for creating artificial structures
on surfaces is driving us closer to the ultimate limit of two-dimensional nanoengineering …

The prospect of manipulating matter on the atomic scale has fascinated scientists for
decades. This fascination may be motivated by scientific and technological opportunities, or …