One of the main tasks in the management of organ transplantation is the optimization of
immunosuppressive therapy, in order to provide therapeutic efficacy limiting drug-related …

Pharmacogenetics is the study of the cause of various individual responses to the same
pharmacologic therapy. Genetic alterations in a single nucleotide in the genes responsible …

The promising role of pharmacogenetics in the attempt to elucidate the inherited basis of
differences between individual responses to drugs lies in its potential ability to identify the …

Transplantation has transformed the treatment of patients with organ failure in a number of
clinical settings, and immunosuppressive drug therapy is fundamental to its success …

Most immunosuppressive drugs have a narrow therapeutic index and large interpatient
variabilities in their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. Identification of …

The transplantation literature includes numerous papers that report associations between
polymorphisms in genes encoding metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters, and …

Background The immunosuppressive drugs used worldwide have a narrow therapeutic
index, which results in a need to individualize the dose regimen for different recipients. The …

The immunosuppressive drugs used in organ transplantation typically have a narrow
therapeutic index, with wide variation in the blood concentration achieved from a given dose …

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, such as CYP3A4, and CYP3A5, P450 oxidoreductase
(POR), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha), and drug transporter …

BACKGROUND: Genetic polymorphisms of metabolism enzymes or intestinal drug
transporters may affect pharmacokinetic responses to immunosuppressive drugs in renal …