Background Immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporine A (CsA) are characterized by a
narrow therapeutic range and high interindividual pharmacokinetic variations. Therefore, the …

Existing immunosuppressive therapies used for solid-organ transplantation have narrow
therapeutic indices, whereby underdosing is associated with acute immunological rejection …

Organ transplantation suffers from a static graft and patient survival rate, and a high
incidence of serious adverse drug effects. The pharmacogenomics of organ transplantation …

BACKGROUND: The pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus (TRL) are clearly affected by genetic
polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes, which lead to large interindividual …

The immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporin (CsA) and tacrolimus (Tac) are widely used to
prevent acute rejection following solid-organ transplantation. However, the clinical use of …

Abstract Background: Tacrolimus (Tac) is an immunosuppressive drug used to prevent post-
transplant (PT) organ rejection. Continuous Tac monitoring is necessary to adjust the dose …

Therapeutic drug monitoring remains the most widely used method for individualizing
immunotherapy. Improvements in molecular technology have enabled identification of …

Renal transplantation is the optimal form of renal replacement therapy (RRT) for the majority
of patients. Both short-and long-term graft rejection are well recognized complications …

Immunosuppressive therapy is the cornerstone of successful kidney transplantation.
Frequently used immunosuppressives are cyclosporine, tacrolimus, sirolimus and …

Purpose There is a great deal of controversy regarding the clinical impact of genetic variants
in patients receiving cyclosporine (CsA) as immunosuppressant therapy. We have …