Glucose metabolism in vertebrate retinas is dominated by aerobic glycolysis (the “Warburg
Effect”), which allows only a small fraction of glucose-derived pyruvate to enter mitochondria …

Purpose: Cell death in neurodegeneration occurs at the convergence of diverse metabolic
pathways. In the retina, a common underlying mechanism involves mitochondrial …

Photoreceptors, especially cones, which are enriched in the human macula, have high
energy demands, making them vulnerable to metabolic stress. Metabolic dysfunction of …

NADPH is the primary source of reducing equivalents in the cytosol. Its major source is
considered to be the pentose phosphate pathway, but cytosolic NADP+-dependent …

In the mammalian retina, a metabolic ecosystem exists in which photoreceptors acquire
glucose from the choriocapillaris with the help of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). While …

Photoreceptor death is the root cause of vision loss in many retinal disorders, and there is an
unmet need for neuroprotective modalities to improve photoreceptor survival. The …

Here we report multiple lines of evidence for a comprehensive model of energy metabolism
in the vertebrate eye. Metabolic flux, locations of key enzymes, and our finding that glucose …

Abstract Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a glycolytic enzyme that is expressed in cancer cells.
Its role in tumor metabolism is not definitively established, but investigators have suggested …

Production of energy in a cell must keep pace with demand. Photoreceptors use ATP to
maintain ion gradients in darkness, whereas in light they use it to support phototransduction …

PGC-1α, a key orchestrator of mitochondrial metabolism, plays a crucial role in governing
the energetically demanding needs of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). We previously …