Recent finding suggests that T-cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of heaves in
horses. However, little is known concerning their possible contribution to pulmonary …

Background Equine heaves is a naturally occurring organic dust‐induced asthma
characterized by airway neutrophilia, mucus hypersecretion and obstructive lung …

Background Airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) are pivotal
characteristics of equine asthma. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) may have a central role in …

Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity, which is a key regulator of inflammatory gene expression,
is increased in bronchial epithelial cells from horses suffering from heaves (a …

Leukotrienes have been shown to mimic many of the pathophysiological processes in
allergic airway disease. In this study the bronchoconstrictor effect of inhaled LTB4, and …

Low-density neutrophils (LDNs) are a subset of neutrophils first described in the
bloodstream upon pathological conditions, and recently, in the blood of healthy humans …

Objectives. Inhalation of immunostimulatory bacterial DNA segments (cytosine‐phosphate‐
guanosine‐oligodeoxynucleotides, CpG‐ODN) normalizes clinical and cytologic parameters …

Objective—To evaluate cytokine production by equine alveolar macrophages after exposure
to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Aspergillus fumigatus, and hay dust, and determine the effect of …

Background Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) in horses is a widespread, performance‐
limiting syndrome believed to develop in response to inhaled irritants in the barn …

Bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) describes a lung abnormality in which airways are
easily triggered to constrict in response to normally harmless inhaled stimuli, and is a key …