The plastic response of phenotypic traits to environmental change is a common research
focus in several disciplines‐from ecology and evolutionary biology to physiology and …

Stephen C. Steams ariation, the fuel that feeds evolutionary change, origi-nates at the levels
of both the genotype and the phenotype. Geneti-cally identical organisms reared under …

The role of developmental (phenotypic) plasticity in ecology and evolution is receiving a
growing appreciation among the biologists, and many plasticity-specific concepts have …

Aside from its selective role in filtering inter‐individual variation during evolution by natural
selection, the environment also plays an instructive role in producing variation during …

For more than two decades the concept of phenotypic plasticity has allowed researchers to
go beyond the nature-nurture dichotomy to gain deeper insights into how organisms are …

Publisher Summary Environmentally influenced variation in phenotypic expression or
phenotypic plasticity is a fundamental property of organisms with consequences for …

Phenotypic plasticity—the ability of an individual organism to change its phenotype in direct
response to variation in its environment—has long fascinated and perplexed biologists …

We argue that phenotypic plasticity should be broadly construed to encompass a diversity of
phenomena spanning several hierarchical levels of organization. Despite seemingly …

Phenotypic plasticity of organisms in response to environmental variability is a
welldeveloped concept in ecology and evolutionary biology. It is currently seen as one of the …

Evolutionary biologists often use phenotypic differences between species and between
individuals to gain an understanding of organismal design. The focus of much recent …