Since 1928, 288 cases of rheumatoid arthritis and bronchiectasis have been reported in the
medical literature. The interactions between these two conditions and the etiopathogenic …

The interstitial lung diseases are comprised of a group of pulmonary disorders characterized
clinically by diffuse infiltrates on the chest radiograph and histologically by distortion of the …

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has only a limited role in diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary
fibrosis (IPF). A finding of raised neutrophils (> 5%) and eosinophils (> 2%) is characteristic …

Subclinical alveolitis, as assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell analysis, may be
present in the lower respiratory tract of a high proportion of symptom-less patients with …

Pulmonary involvement is frequently encoun-tered in rheumatoid arthritis and consists of 5
different manifestations: pleuritis, with or without pleural effusions; rheumatoid nodules; …

The air bronchogram classically signals an end-air-space or “alveolar” filling process such
as alveolar proteinosis and bronchioloalveolar-cell carcinoma. However, it can also occur in …

Several lung lesions have been described in patients suffering from rheumatoid disease.
The rheumatoid nature of rheumatoid granulomata and rheumatoid pneumoconiosis …

Lung involvement in connective tissue diseases is associated with substantial morbidity and
mortality, most commonly in the form of interstitial lung disease, and can occur in any of …

The connective tissue diseases (CTDs) are a group of inflammatory, immune-mediated
disorders in which a failure of self-tolerance leads to autoimmunity and subsequent tissue …

The small airways of the lung consist of the terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles,
and alveolar ducts. A recently introduced pathologic classification system divides …