Myco-heterotrophy is one of the longest-studied aspects of the mycorrhizal symbiosis, but
there remain many critical, unanswered questions regarding the ecology and physiology of …

In nature there are numerous examples of cheaters that sub vert a normally mutualistic
interaction with a symbiotic partner (Bronstein, 2001). The majority of mycohetero trophic …

Background Myco-heterotrophic plants are partly or entirely non-photosynthetic plants that
obtain energy and nutrients from fungi. These plants form a symbiosis with arbuscular …

We present an analysis of fungal specificity in myco-heterotrophic orchids and monotropes.
We argue that specificity represents a continuum and can only be properly assessed using …

The majority of plants require symbiotic interactions with other organisms to complete at
least a portion of their life cycles. However, the reliance of plants on these interactions …

The rise and diversification of land plants was accompanied by mycorrhizal symbiosis, from
their emergence to their adaptation to various biomes and ecological situations (Selosse et …

Since the early colonization of land, plants depend, to various extents, on mycorrhizal fungi
to meet their nutrient demands. In most mycorrhizal symbioses, plants provide sugars …

In general, plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi exchange photosynthetically fixed
carbon for soil nutrients, but occasionally nonphotosynthetic plants obtain carbon from AM …

More than 400 achlorophyllous plant species in 87 genera are parasitic upon fungi, and
exploit them as their principle source of carbon. With a few exceptions, most of these myco …

Nonphotosynthetic mycorrhizal plants have long attracted the curiosity of botanists and
mycologists, and they have been a target for unabated controversy and speculation. In fact …