Background: Immunization is regarded as one of the most significant medical achievements
of all time. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the pain resulting from routine …

Background: Immunization is the most common cause of iatrogenic pain in childhood.
Despite the availability of various analgesics to manage vaccine injection pain, they have …

Background: Vaccine injections are the most common reason for iatrogenic pain in
childhood. With the steadily increasing number of recommended vaccinations, there has …

Background: This systematic review assessed the effectiveness and safety of
pharmacotherapy and combined interventions for reducing vaccine injection pain in …

Guidelines 976 CMAJ, September 22, 2015, 187 (13) mendations Assessment,
Development and Evaluation)(www. grade working group. org/publications/jce_series. htm) …

Background: This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of physical and procedural
interventions for reducing pain and related outcomes during vaccination. Design/Methods …

BACKGROUND. Immunization pain is a global public health issue. Despite an abundance of
data that demonstrate the efficacy of local anesthetics for decreasing immunization pain …

Background Injection-related pain and fear are common adverse reactions in children
undergoing vaccination and influence vaccine acceptance. Despite the large body of …

Background Infants experience undue pain with multiple immunization injections. Objective
To assess the effectiveness, feasibility, and parental acceptance of a simple combination …

There is a need to identify a primary measure of infant pain that can be used to assess pain
in infants undergoing vaccine injections in order to facilitate vaccine outcomes research. The …