IKK-1 and IKK-2: cytokine-activated IκB kinases essential for NF-κB activation

F Mercurio, H Zhu, BW Murray, A Shevchenko… - Science, 1997 - science.org
Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is controlled by
sequential phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation of its inhibitory subunit IκB. A …

Positive and negative regulation of IκB kinase activity through IKKβ subunit phosphorylation

M Delhase, M Hayakawa, Y Chen, M Karin - Science, 1999 - science.org
IκB [inhibitor of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)] kinase (IKK) phosphorylates IκB inhibitory
proteins, causing their degradation and activation of transcription factor NF-κB, a master …

IκB kinase-β: NF-κB activation and complex formation with IκB kinase-α and NIK

JD Woronicz, X Gao, Z Cao, M Rothe, DV Goeddel - Science, 1997 - science.org
Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) by inflammatory
cytokines requires the successive action of NF-κB–inducing kinase (NIK) and IκB kinase–α …

Direct phosphorylation of IκB by IKKα and IKKβ: discrimination between free and NF-κB-bound substrate

E Zandi, YI Chen, M Karin - Science, 1998 - science.org
A large protein complex mediates the phosphorylation of the inhibitor of κB (IκB), which
results in the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Two subunits of this complex, IκB kinase …

The NF-κB activation pathway: a paradigm in information transfer from membrane to nucleus

DM Rothwarf, M Karin - Science's STKE, 1999 - science.org
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/Rel proteins are dimeric, sequence-specific transcription
factors involved in the activation of an exceptionally large number of genes in response to …

Activation by IKKα of a second, evolutionary conserved, NF-κB signaling pathway

U Senftleben, Y Cao, G Xiao, FR Greten, G Krähn… - Science, 2001 - science.org
In mammals, the canonical nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway activated in
response to infections is based on degradation of IκB inhibitors. This pathway depends on …

A nucleosomal function for IκB kinase-α in NF-κB-dependent gene expression

V Anest, JL Hanson, PC Cogswell, KA Steinbrecher… - Nature, 2003 - nature.com
NF-κB is a principal transcriptional regulator of diverse cytokine-mediated processes and is
tightly controlled by the IκB kinase complex (IKK-α/β/γ). IKK-β and IKK-γ are critical for …

Activation of transcription factor NF-κB requires ELKS, an IκB kinase regulatory subunit

JLD Sigala, V Bottero, DB Young, A Shevchenko… - Science, 2004 - science.org
The nuclear factor–kappa B (NF-κB) family of transcription factors plays a seminal role in
inflammation, apoptosis, development, and cancer. Modulation of NF-κB–mediated gene …

IκB kinases: kinsmen with different crafts

MJ May, S Ghosh - Science, 1999 - science.org
One of the most intensely studied regulators of gene expression is the transcription factor NF-
κB. NF-κB activates groups of genes in response to a wide array of extracellular factors …

[HTML][HTML] A cytokine-responsive IκB kinase that activates the transcription factor NF-κB

JA DiDonato, M Hayakawa, DM Rothwarf, E Zandi… - Nature, 1997 - nature.com
Nuclear transcription factors of the NF-κB/Rel family are inhibited by IκB proteins, which
inactivate NF-κB by trapping it in the cell cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of IκBs marks them out …