Methods: The current study used 40 Sprague-Dawley rats, weighted 200 to 250 g.
Experiments were performed in four groups, each containing 10 rats. The first group of rats …

Objective: Ecstasy, also known as 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), is a
psychoactive recreational hallucinogenic substance and a major worldwide recreational …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with loss in memory
as one of the cardinal features. 5-N-ethyl carboxamidoadenosine (NECA), an agonist of …

There is abundant evidence showing that repeated use of MDMA (3, 4-
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ecstasy) has been associated with depression, anxiety …

Objective In this study, the neuroprotective mechanism of 2-arachidonoylglycerol 2-AG
against non-caspase-dependent apoptosis in mice hippocampal neurons following MCAO …

Since adenosine A2A receptor (A2ARs) blockade protects against noxious brain insults
involving apoptosis, we directly tested if A2AR blockade prevents apoptosis induced by …

Background: Chlorogenic acid (CGA) has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, but the
study on its role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models remains rare. Here, the effects of CGA …

Voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) is the main protein in mitochondria-mediated
apoptosis, and the modulation of VDAC may be induced by the excessive release of …

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of caffeine, an
inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) enzyme and an antagonist of adenosine …

Gastrodia elata Blume has been widely used to treat various central and peripheral nerve
diseases, and Para‑hydroxybenzaldehyde (PHBA) is one of the indicated components …