Much confusion has arisen recently over the question of whether excitotoxic neuronal
degeneration can be considered an apoptotic phenomenon. Here, we addressed this …

Recent data suggest that anesthetic drugs may cause widespread and dose-dependent
apoptotic neurodegeneration during development. The window of vulnerability to this …

Apoptosis occurs physiologically in the mammalian brain during the period of the growth
spurt, which in human starts in the 3rd trimester of gestation and ends by the third year of life …

General anesthetics are commonly used in major surgery. To achieve the depth of
anesthesia for surgery, patients are being subjected to a variety of general anesthetics …

The susceptibility of cortical neurons to two forms of apoptotic death was compared with
susceptibility to excitotoxic death during development in vitro (DIV 4–21). Murine cortical …

The consequences of eliminating the process of programmed cell death during the
development of the nervous system is examined by reviewing studies in the genetic model …

BACKGROUND: Certain anesthetics exhibit neurotoxicity in the brains of immature but not
mature animals. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the …

Programmed cell death widely but heterogeneously affects the developing brain, causing
the loss of up to 50% of neurons in rodents. However, whether this heterogeneity originates …

Volatile anesthetics are used widely for achieving a state of unconsciousness, yet these
agents are incompletely understood in their mechanisms of action and effects on neural …

Background General anesthetics reduce neuronal death caused by focal cerebral ischemia
in rodents and by in vitro ischemia in cultured neurons and brain slices. However, in intact …