The immunogenicity of DNA vaccines is due in part to the presence of stimulatory CpG
motifs, which may actually be essential to their function. CpG motifs are unmethylated …

Bacterial DNA differs from vertebrate DNA in having a much higher content of unmethylated
CpG dinucleotides, in particular, base contexts that are termed 'CpG motifs'. The vertebrate …

Bacterial DNA, but not vertebrate DNA, causes direct stimulation of several components of
the vertebrate immune system. This activation is due to the presence of unmethylated CpG …

DNA vaccines can induce potent humoral and cellular immune responses without any
additional adjuvant. Recent studies indicate that unmethylated CpG dinucleotides within …

Bacterial DNA, in contrast to vertebrate DNA, has the capacity to act as a potent immune
stimulator (Tokunaga et al. 1984; Messina et al. 1991; Yamamoto et al. 1992b). This is now …

One of the most exciting developments in the field of vaccine research in recent years has
been DNA vaccines, with which immune responses are induced sub-sequent to the in vivo …

Pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system are able to distinguish certain
prokaryotic DNAs from vertebrate DNAs by detecting unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in …

Certain vertebrate immune cells have evolved receptors that detect the presence of
pathogen DNA based on its content of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in particular base …

The genomes of bacterial and viral DNA contain a much higher frequency of unmethylated
CpG dinucleotides than those of vertebrates. This difference in genome structure allows the …

The immune recognition of unmethylated CpG motifs appears to be an example of the ability
of the immune system to detect molecular patterns which are characteristic of microbes, but …