Aside from its function as the “blueprint of life” that encodes genetic information, DNA can
have direct immune activities. The immune system has evolved a defense mechanism that is …

Bacterial DNA contains a much higher frequency of CpG dinucleotides than are present in
mammalian DNA. Furthermore, bacterial CpG dinucleotides are often not methylated. It is …

The immunostimulatory activity of oligonucleotides containing CpG motifs is well established
and represents the basis for an effective vaccine adjuvant. For use in vivo CpG ODN have to …

Bacterial DNA and synthetic oligonucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated cytidine-
phosphate guanosine dinucleotide (CpG) motifs (CpG-ODN) stimulate a rapid innate …

Bacterial DNA or synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG
dinucleotides within the context of certain flanking bases (CpG motifs) have potent …

DNA is a complex macromolecule whose immunological properties vary with base
sequences. As shown with synthetic oligonucleotides, potent immune stimulation results …

The immunomodulatory character of bacterial CpG DNA is well known. A report in a recent
issue of Nature pinpoints a Toll-like receptor as the cellular accomplice in this innate …

The vertebrate immune system recognizes bacterial DNA based on the presence of
unmethylated CpG-dinucleotides in particular base contexts (“CpG motifs”). In contrast to …

Several types of immune cells possess pattern recognition receptors (PRR) that can
distinguish prokaryotic DNA from vertebrate DNA by detecting unmethylated CpG …

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG motifs act as immune
adjuvants, improving the response elicited by a coadministered vaccine. Combining CpG …