While tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes play a critical role in controlling tumor
development, they are generally impotent in an acidic tumor microenvironment. Systemic …

Cancer cells are known to be glycolytic, driving increased glucose consumption and its
conversion to lactate. This process modulates the tumor microenvironment (TME). In the …

Chemo-immunotherapy holds the advantage of specific antitumor effects by activating T cell
immune response. However, the efficiency of chemo-immunotherapy is restricted to the …

Cancer immunotherapy efficacy is largely limited by the suppressive tumor immune
microenvironment (TIME) where antitumor immune cells are inhibited and tumor antigens …

Aberrant energy metabolism not only endows tumor cells with unlimited proliferative
capacity but also contributes to the establishment of the glucose-deficient/lactate-rich …

Trained immunity, a functional state of myeloid cells, has been proposed as a compelling
immune-oncological target. Its efficient induction requires direct engagement of myeloid …

The response to programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-
L1) blockade in cancer immunotherapy is limited because of multiple immune evasion …

High expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and strong immune evasion ability
of the tumor microenvironment (TME) are maintained through mutual regulation between …

The past decades have witnessed great progress in cancer immunotherapy, which has
profoundly revolutionized oncology, whereas low patient response rates and potential …

Rapid glycolysis of tumor cells produces excessive lactate to trigger acidification of the tumor
microenvironment (TME), leading to the formation of immunosuppressive TME and tumor …