Long-term treatments to ameliorate peripheral neuropathic pain that includes mechanical
allodynia are limited. While glial activation and altered nociceptive transmission within the …

Activation of spinal cord microglia and astrocytes is a common phenomenon in nerve injury
pain models and is thought to exacerbate pain perception. Following a nerve injury, a …

Accumulating evidence suggests that spinal cord astrocytes play an important role in
neuropathic pain sensitization by releasing astrocytic mediators (eg cytokines, chemokines …

One of the more important recent advances in neuroscience research is the understanding
that there is extensive communication between the immune system and the central nervous …

Background There is accumulating evidence that the activation of spinal glial cells,
especially microglia, is a key event in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. However, the …

Astrocytes are abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that play active roles
in health and disease. Recent technologies have uncovered the functional heterogeneity of …

The microglia, once thought only to be supporting cells of the central nervous system (CNS),
are now recognized to play essential roles in many pathologies. Many studies within the last …

Astrocytes are increasingly recognized as exerting complex functions essential for normal
neural activity in the healthy central nervous system (CNS). Because astrocytes also …

Itch, in particular chronic forms, has been widely recognized as an important clinical
problem, but much less is known about the mechanisms of itch in comparison with other …

The gate control theory of pain proposes that inhibitory neurons of the spinal dorsal horn
exert critical control over the relay of nociceptive signals to higher brain areas. Here we …