The ability to manipulate the size and surface properties of nanomaterials makes them a
promising vector for improving drug delivery and efficacy. Inhalation is a desirable route of …

Nanoparticles in polluted air or aerosolized drug nanoparticles predominantly settle in the
alveolar lung. Here, we describe a novel, highly effective pathway for the particles to cross …

This review presents the different pathways that nanomedicines can follow after deposition
in the lung. These include their interactions with the air–liquid interface, their diffusion in and …

Pulmonary surfactant forms a sub-micrometer thick fluid layer that covers the surface of
alveolar lumen and inhaled nanoparticles therefore come in to contact with surfactant prior …

To explore mechanisms of nanoparticle interactions with and trafficking across lung alveolar
epithelium, we utilized primary rat alveolar epithelial cell monolayers (RAECMs) and an …

Direct biomimetic modification of nanoparticles (NPs) with endogenous surfactants is helpful
to improve the biocompatibility of NPs and avoid damage to the physiological function of the …

Background Engineered nanoparticles (NP) are being developed for inhaled drug delivery.
This route is non-invasive and the major target; alveolar epithelium provides a large surface …

Highlights•Clearance routes of nanoparticles in the lung are presented.•Factors influencing
nanoparticle transaction are discussed.•Physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles …

Active transport mechanisms, relying on motor proteins or polymerization of cytoskeletal
filaments, play a central role in the uptake of nanoparticles by cells. While active transport …

The peripheral lungs are a potential entrance portal for nanoparticles into the human body
due to their large surface area. The fact that nanoparticles can be deposited in the alveolar …