Many studies have examined pathways controlling effector T cell differentiation, but less is
known about the fate of individual CD8+ T cells during infection. Here, we examine the …

Inflammation can have both positive and negative effects on development of CD8 T cell
memory, but the relative contributions and cellular targets of the cytokines involved are …

Soluble and cell-bound ligands profoundly influence the differentiative fate of lymphocytes
during an immune response. Recent advances have been made in understanding the role …

IL-7 signals are crucial for the survival of naive and memory T cells, and the IL-7R is
expressed on the surface of these cells. Following viral infection, the IL-7R is expressed on …

Proliferation of T cells is important for the expansion of specific T cell clones during immune
responses. In addition, for the establishment of protective immunity against viruses, bacteria …

Inflammation plays an essential role in the control of pathogens and in shaping the ensuing
adaptive immune responses. Traditionally, innate immunity has been described as a rapid …

Human beings are exposed to a variety of different pathogens, which induce tailored
immune responses and consequently generate highly diverse populations of pathogen …

In response to infection, CD8+ T cells integrate multiple signals and undergo an exponential
increase in cell numbers. Simultaneously, a dynamic differentiation process occurs, resulting …

Virus-specific CD8+ T cells develop the ability to function in an “innate” capacity by
responding to a remarkable array of cytokines in a TCR-independent manner. Although …

CD4+ T cells promote effective CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity, but the timing and
mechanistic details of such help remain controversial. Furthermore, the extent to which …