Throughout the bacterial domain, the alarmone ppGpp dramatically reprograms transcription
following nutrient limitation. This" stringent response" is critical for survival and antibiotic …

Bacterial transcription is controlled by sigma factors, the RNA polymerase subunits that act
as initiation factors. Although a single housekeeping sigma factor enables transcription from …

The bacterial sigma factor RpoS is strongly induced under a variety of stress conditions and
during growth into stationary phase. Here, we used rpoS-lac fusions in Escherichia coli to …

Transcriptional enhancers are cis-acting DNA elements that are binding sites for regulatory
proteins and function at large distances from promoter elements to stimulate transcription …

In vitro transcription experiments were used to provide further evidence that the gene
encoding pyruvate formate-lyase (EC 2.3. 1.54) from Escherichia coli is transcribed from …

The mechanism by which XylR, the toluene‐responsive activator of the σ54‐dependent Pu
and Ps promoters of the Pseudomonas TOL plasmid pWW0, downregulates its own σ70 …

Phosphate import is required for the growth of mycobacteria and is regulated by
environmental inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentrations, although the mechanism of this …

Protein footprints of the enhancer-dependent σ54 protein, upon binding the Escherichia coli
RNA polymerase core enzyme or upon forming closed promoter complexes, identified …

Recognition of bacterial promoters is regulated by two distinct classes of sequence-specific
sigma factors, σ70 or σ54, that differ both in their primary sequence and in the requirement of …

σ54 factor (RpoN), a type of transcriptional regulatory factor, is widely found in pathogenic
bacteria. It binds to core RNA polymerase (RNAP) and regulates the transcription of many …