Iron is one of the highly abundant elements on the earth's crust, an essential micronutrient
for a majority of life forms, and exists in two frequent oxidation states such as ferrous (Fe2+) …

Iron is one of the major limiting factors and essential nutrients of microbial life. Since in
nature it is not readily available in the preferred form, microorganisms produce small high …

Microbial iron chelates, called siderophores, are synthesized by bacteria and fungi in
response to low iron availability in the environment. The present review summarizes …

Siderophores are small molecular weight metal scavengers which are released by plants,
plant growth-promoting bacterial strains and fungi into the rhizosphere. These molecules …

▪ Abstract Iron is an essential element for most organisms, including bacteria. The oxidized
form is insoluble, and the reduced form is highly toxic for most macromolecules and, in …

Iron is the most abundant element on Earth and the most frequently utilized transition metal
in the biosphere. It is a component of many cellular compounds and is involved in numerous …

In response to low iron availability in the environment most microorganisms synthesize iron
chelators, called siderophores. Bacteria and fungi produce a broad range of structurally …

Siderophores are synthesized and secreted by many bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and plants for
Fe (III) chelation. A variety of plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) colonize the …

The vast majority of bacteria require iron for growth. 1, 2 Iron is an essential element
required for key biological processes, including amino acid synthesis, oxygen transport …

Iron (Fe) is the fourth most abundant element in the earth's crust. In biology, Fe is involved in
several important processes that may be enzymatic (as a cofactor to several enzymes) or …