Abstract During the Last Glacial Maximum, continental ice sheets isolated Beringia
(northeast Siberia and northwest North America) from unglaciated North America. By around …

Mitochondrial DNA sequences isolated from ancient dog remains from Latin America and
Alaska showed that native American dogs originated from multiple Old World lineages of …

The extent of terrestrial vertebrate extinctions at the end of the Cretaceous is poorly
understood, and estimates have ranged from a mass extinction to limited extinctions of …

Most orders and many families of modern mammals were established during the
Palaeogene. Mammalian evolution during this period of time has been correlated with …

Black bears hibernate for 5 to 7 months a year and, during this time, do not eat, drink,
urinate, or defecate. We measured metabolic rate and body temperature in hibernating black …

Tundra at the top. Islands of alpine vegetation are sprinkled across high peaks. end “go to
heaven.” These plants include rarities such as Arenaria tetraquetra, which clusters near …

Well-preserved subfossil bones of Adélie penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae, underlie existing
and abandoned nesting colonies in Antarctica. These bones, dating back to more than 7000 …

Recent studies have shown that the polar bear matriline (mitochondrial DNA) evolved from a
brown bear lineage since the late Pleistocene, potentially indicating rapid speciation and …

Ancient DNA studies have revolutionized the study of extinct species and populations,
providing insights on phylogeny, phylogeography, admixture and demographic history …

A high-resolution pollen record from western Greece shows that the amplitude of millennial-
scale oscillations in tree abundance during the last glacial period was subdued, with …