Abstract Introduction: IL‐4 and IL‐13 polymorphisms have been shown to influence the
susceptibility to systemic diseases. In this study, possible associations between the IL‐4 …

Abstract Background: Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) polymorphisms have been shown to affect IL‐6
promoter activity. This study investigated the possible role of IL‐6 genetic polymorphisms …

Abstract Background: Interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) is a pro‐inflammatory cytokine derived from Th1
cells. This cytokine is involved in B‐cell activation and stimulates macrophages, natural killer …

Background: The severe form of chronic periodontitis (CP) has been reported to be strongly
associated with the presence of allele 2 of composite IL‐1β+ 3954 and IL‐1α–889 genetic …

Abstract Objectives: Recently, interleukin (IL) 4 gene polymorphisms have been analyzed in
association with periodontitis. Genetic differences between Caucasian and Japanese …

Background: Genetic polymorphisms for interleukin (IL)‐1α and‐1β have been proposed as
potential genetic markers for periodontal diseases. Since the prevalence of these …

Adult PERIODONTITIS is a complex multifactorial disease whose etiology is not well
defined. The pro-inflammatory and bone resorption properties of Interleukine-1a (IL-1a) …

Background: Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), an anti‐inflammatory cytokine, plays a role in
periodontal disease by inhibiting synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and stimulating …

Objectives. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by connective tissue loss
and alveolar bone destruction. Interleukin‐8 (IL8) is important in the regulation of the …

Background. Previous studies have revealed that gene polymorphisms of inflammatory
factors may influence the development or progression of periodontitis, a main cause of tooth …