Persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with shortened action potential duration (APD)
and reduced atrial refractoriness. Remodeling of ion currents responsible for AP morphology …

Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice, and its
management remains challenging. A solid understanding of the scientific basis for atrial …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is generally considered a progressive disease, typically evolving from
paroxysmal through persistent to 'permanent'forms, a process attributed to electrical and …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a complex arrhythmia with multiple possible mechanisms. It requires
a trigger for initiation and a favorable substrate for maintenance. Pulmonary vein myocardial …

Antiarrhythmic Drugs in AF. Atrial fibrillation (AF) remains a challenge to medical therapy.
Over the past several years, a variety of experimental models of AF have been developed …

See article by Workman et al.[11](pages 226–235) in currents that regulate the atrial action
potential have been this issue. studied in this setting to determine the mechanisms that are …

Background The cellular mechanisms underlying progression from paroxysmal to persistent
atrial fibrillation (AF) are not fully understood, but alterations in (late) sodium current (I Na) …

Background—Delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) carried by Na+-Ca2+-exchange current
(INCX) in response to sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ leak can promote atrial fibrillation …

Key points• Adenylyl cyclases (ACs), the enzymes that synthesize cAMP, are essential for
the inotropic response of cardiac muscle to adrenergic stimulation.• Ca2+‐stimulated …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained heart rhythm disorder and is associated
with substantial morbidity and mortality. Current treatment options for AF have significant …