Plants in their natural environment are inevitably subject to diseases caused by pathogenic
microbes and pests. To survive and combat these threats, plants have evolved a …

Plants rely on multiple immune systems to protect themselves from pathogens. When pattern-
triggered immunity (PTI)—the first layer of the immune response—is no longer effective as a …

Defense responses triggered by dominant and recessive disease resistance (R) genes are
presumed to be regulated by different molecular mechanisms. In order to characterize the …

Bacterial blight (BB) and bacterial leaf streak (BLS) are important diseases in Oryza sativa
caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola …

Engineering the plant immune system offers genetic solutions to mitigate crop diseases
caused by diverse agriculturally significant pathogens and pests. Modification of intracellular …

Plants have evolved intracellular immune receptors to detect pathogen proteins known as
effectors. How these immune receptors detect effectors remains poorly understood. Here we …

Pathogens utilize multiple types of effectors to modulate plant immunity. Although many
apoplastic and cytoplasmic effectors have been reported, nuclear effectors have not been …

Plant disease resistance (R) gene-mediated effector-triggered immunity (ETI) is usually
associated with hypersensitive response (HR) and provides robust and race-specific …

Recent advances in plant immunity research underpin the pivotal role of small-molecule
hormones in regulating the plant defense signaling network. Although most of our …

The rice plant is infected by a number of pathogens which cause significant losses of yield.
Plants possess inducible innate immunity by which they can perceive danger and mount …