Objective To assess the quality of antibiotics sampled from authorised sales outlets (ATs)(ie
hospitals/health centres, pharmacies and licensed chemical shops) and unauthorised sales …

Substandard and falsified medicines represent a serious threat for public health and patient
safety. Especially in low and middle-income countries, the prevalence of substandard and …

Objective To explore the evidence available of poor-quality (counterfeit and substandard)
medicines in the literature. Design Systematic review. Data sources Databases used were …

Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate over-the-counter sale of antibiotics from
community pharmacies in Abu Dhabi city, focusing on the extent, demographic and …

Using poor-quality antibiotics leads to increased risk of the development of microorganism-
resistant strains, treatment failure, loss of confidence in health systems, and associated …

Background The sale of antibiotics without a prescription poses a global public health
concern. Antibiotics dispensed without a prescription are largely recognised as a cause of …

Background Selling antibiotics without prescriptions is mostly illegal worldwide, including in
Ghana, and promotes antimicrobial resistance. We evaluated the prevalence and practice of …

Objectives In 2012, a stratified random survey, using mystery shoppers, was conducted to
investigate the availability and quality of antibiotics sold to patients in the private sector in …

Background Studies indicate that antibiotics are sold against regulation and without
prescription in private drugstores in rural Tanzania. The objective of the study was to explore …

Objective: The objective of this review is to produce evidence on the prevalence and trends
in the availability of substandard and counterfeit antimicrobials in the global market and its …