We propose a coefficient of agreement to assess the degree of concordance between two
independent groups of raters classifying items on a nominal scale. This coefficient, defined …

Agreement between raters on a categorical scale is not only a subject of scientific research
but also a problem frequently encountered in practice. Whenever a new scale is developed …

The kappa coefficient measures chance-corrected agreement between two observers in the
dichotomous classification of subjects. The marginal probability of classification by each …

Scott's pi and Cohen's kappa are widely used for assessing the degree of agreement
between two raters with binary outcomes. However, many authors have pointed out its …

Published results on the use of the kappa coefficient of agreement have traditionally been
concerned with situations where a large number of subjects is classified by a small group of …

In 1960, Cohen introduced the kappa coefficient to measure chance‐corrected nominal
scale agreement between two raters. Since then, numerous extensions and generalizations …

The agreement between two raters judging items on a categorical scale is traditionally
assessed by Cohen's kappa coefficient. We introduce a new coefficient for quantifying the …

The most common measure of agreement for categorical data is the coefficient kappa.
However, kappa performs poorly when the marginal distributions are very asymmetric, it is …

Evaluating the extent of agreement between 2 or between several raters is common in
social, behavioral and medical sciences. The objective of this paper is to provide a detailed …

Cohen's Kappa is a measure of the over-all agreement between two raters classifying items
into a given set of categories. This communication describes a simple computational method …