In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in tumor microenvironment-associated
cancer vaccine therapies. These innovative treatments aim to activate and enhance the …

With the development and regulatory approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive
cell therapies, cancer immunotherapy has undergone a profound transformation over the …

Background: Cancer vaccines are a unique approach to cancer therapy. They exert an
antitumor effect by engaging the host immune response, and have great potential for …

Therapeutic vaccines represent a viable option for active immunotherapy of cancers that aim
to treat late stage disease by using a patient's own immune system. The promising results …

There are strong biologic and preclinical rationales for the development of therapeutic
cancer vaccines; however, the clinical translation of this treatment strategy has been …

Therapeutic cancer vaccines have the potential of being integrated in the therapy of
numerous cancer types and stages. The wide spectrum of vaccine platforms and vaccine …

Cancer vaccines have been shown clinically to drive tumor-reactive cell activation,
proliferation, and effector function. Unfortunately, tumor eradication by treatment with cancer …

The advent of cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the field of cancer treatment and
offers cancer patients new hope. Although this therapy has proved highly successful for …

Until now, three types of well‐recognized cancer treatments have been developed, ie,
surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy; these either remove or directly attack the cancer …

Introduction: Although much progress has been made in the last decade (s) toward
development of effective cancer vaccines, there are still important obstacles to therapeutic …