This document presents an overview of the program visualisations additional to the program
code provided by some of the most popular object-oriented programming environments to …

This paper presents a cognitive model for one aspect of how novices learn text editors—the
acquisition of procedural skill by problem solving in problem spaces and the use of analogy …

The notion of the programming plan has been proposed as a mechanism through which one
can explain the nature of expertise in programming. Soloway and Ehrlich (1984) suggest …

In this study an analysis was made of novices debugging their own Pascal programs. Eight
novices verbalized their thoughts aloud while attempting to solve a programming task …

Various models of program undestanding have been developed from the Schema Theory.
To data, the authors have sought to identify the knowledge that programmers have and use …

The topic of this chapter is the role of expert programming knowledge in comprehension. In
the 'schema-based approach', the role of semantic structures is emphasized whereas, in the …

Three software complexity measures (Halstead's E, McCabe's u (G), and the length as
measured by number of statements) were compared to programmer performance on two …

Programming education has experienced a shift from imperative and procedural
programming to object-orientation. This shift has been motivated by educators' desire to …

Two experiments investigated expert-novice differences in debugging computer programs.
Debugging was done on programs provided to the subject, and were run on a …

This paper presents a model of how programming knowledge can be represented by five
cognitive levels: lexical, syntactic, semantic, schematic, and conceptual. These levels are …