Background: Chronic inflammation is linked to an increased risk of cancer. The molecular
mechanisms underlying this correlation have been long investigated and it is well known …

Significance: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer taken together constitutes one of the most common
cancers worldwide with a broad range of etiological mechanisms. In this review, we have …

Chronic inflammation of gastrointestinal tissues is a well-recognized risk factor for the
development of epithelial cell-derived malignancies. Although the inflammatory mediators …

Cells are continuously threatened by the damage caused by reactive oxygen/nitrogen
species (ROS/RNS), which are produced during physiological oxygen metabolism. In our …

It is well known that chronic inflammation of the digestive tract is associated with an
increased risk of malignant transformation. Because phagocytic leukocytes and cytokine …

Infection and chronic inflammation are proposed to contribute to carcinogenesis through
inflammation-related mechanisms. Infection with hepatitis C virus, Helicobacter pylori and …

Oxygen free radicals in excessively high amounts are all very reactive chemically and can
impose a detrimental influence on living organisms by provoking “oxidative stress” that can …

Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between generation of reactive oxygen species
(ROS) and decreased antioxidant defense systems. Oxidative stress develops particularly in …

Infection by bacteria, parasites or viruses and tissue inflammation such as gastritis, hepatitis
and colitis are recognized risk factors for human cancers at various sites. Nitric oxide (NO) …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a pleiotrophic regulator, pivotal to numerous biological processes,
including vasodilation, neurotransmission, and macrophage-mediated immunity. The highly …