Highlights•State-of the art approaches to implement optogenetics in mammals.•Application
principles of optogenetic strategies in freely moving animals.•All-optical approaches …

The exquisite intricacies of neural circuits are fundamental to an animal's diverse and
complex repertoire of sensory and motor functions. The ability to precisely map neural …

The recent development of light-activated optogenetic probes allows for the identification
and manipulation of specific neural populations and their connections in awake animals with …

The vertebrate brain comprises a plethora of cell types connected by intertwined pathways.
Optogenetics enriches the neuroscientific tool set for disentangling these neuronal circuits in …

Rats are the preferred experimental subjects across many fields of neuroscience, for which
these large and behaviorally-complex rodents occupy a favorable position that jointly …

Emerging technologies from optics, genetics, and bioengineering are being combined for
studies of intact neural circuits. The rapid progression of such interdisciplinary “optogenetic” …

Genetically encoded, single-component optogenetic tools have made a significant impact on
neuroscience, enabling specific modulation of selected cells within complex neural tissues …

The 2013 Grete Lundbeck European Brain Research Prize was awarded to Ernst Bamberg,
Edward Boyden, Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann, Gero Miesenböck, and Georg Nagel 'for …

To understand the functional role of specific neurons in micro-and macro-brain circuitry,
health, and disease, it is critical to control their activity precisely. This ambitious goal was first …

To better understand the connectivity of the brain, it is important to map both structural and
functional connections between neurons and cortical regions. In recent years, a set of …