Highlights•Pathogens and symbionts trigger common host responses.•These biotic
interactions affect plant developmental and physiological processes.•Interactions between …

In the past four decades, tremendous progress has been made in understanding how plants
respond to microbial colonization and how microbial pathogens and symbionts reprogram …

The co-evolutionary relationship between plants and microbes has led to complex
mechanisms of offense and defense, primarily centering on the innate immune system of …

The phyllosphere and rhizosphere of plants have been a reservoir of microorganisms of
both symbiotic and pathogenic nature. The interplay between plants and associated …

Beneficial plant-microbe interactions have utmost importance for enhancing plant growth,
improving soil structure, and managing plant diseases. Not surprisingly, such mutual …

Stringent response (SR), a primary stress reaction in bacteria and plant chloroplasts, is a
molecular switch that provides operational stress-induced reprogramming of transcription …

Hundreds of different microorganisms are attached to the surface of roots. Therefore, it is not
surprising that plants have the ability to distinguish threatening intruders from beneficial …

Plant kingdom consistently faces challenges in a biosphere that is under constant stress
because of sessility. One of their distinctive traits, which helps them to survive stressful …

Symbiosis is a biological phenomenon that involves close association between two or more
organisms. Plant microbe symbiosis is one of the most intriguing relationships in the living …

Plant community dynamics are driven by the microbial mediation of soil resource partitioning
and sharing by the inhibition of other host symbionts or sharing the broadly specific …