Erythropoiesis is a multi‐step process that involves the differentiation of hematopoietic stem
cells into mature red blood cells (RBCs). This process is regulated by several signaling …

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein cytokine known for its pleiotropic effects on various
types of cells and tissues. EPO and its receptor EPOR trigger signaling cascades …

Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) upon energy depletion stimulates energy
production and limits energy utilization. Erythrocytes lacking AMPK are susceptible to …

OBJECTIVE: Several transducing molecules, including JAK2, STAT5, MAP kinases,
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), phospholipase C-γ1, and PKC are activated by …

Objective Increased activity of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway has been observed in a huge
number of malignancies. This pathway can function as a prosurvival factor in leukemia stem …

The production of red blood cells is tightly regulated by erythropoietin (Epo). The
phosphoinositide 3–kinase (PI 3-kinase) pathway was previously shown to be activated in …

Cell death is a natural biological process that occurs in living organisms. Since 1963,
extensive research has shed light on the occurrence, progress, and final outcome of cell …

The insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor (R) induced PI3K/Akt signal transduction
cascade has critical roles in prevention of apoptosis and regulation of cell cycle progression …

GATA-1-dependent transcription is essential for erythroid differentiation and maturation.
Suppression of programmed cell death is also thought to be critical for this process; …

Erythroblastic islands (EBIs), discovered more than 60 years ago, are specialized
microenvironments for erythropoiesis. This island consists of a central macrophage with …