Different etiologies such as drug toxicity, acute viral hepatitis B, or acetaminophen poisoning
can cause acute liver injury or even acute liver failure (ALF). Excessive cell death of …

Sustained inflammation upon chronic liver injury induces the development of liver fibrosis in
mice and men. Experimental models of liver fibrosis highlight the importance of hepatic …

The liver is an essential immunological organ due to its gatekeeper position to bypassing
antigens from the intestinal blood flow and microbial products from the intestinal …

Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of innate immune cells and key cellular
components of the liver. Hepatic macrophages consist of embryologically-derived resident …

Chemokines are small molecular weight proteins primarily known to drive migration of
immune cell populations. In both acute and chronic liver injury, hepatic chemokine …

Ample evidence suggests that hepatic macrophages play key roles in the injury and repair
mechanisms during liver disease progression. There are two major populations of hepatic …

Hepatic macrophages are central in the pathogenesis of chronic liver injury and have been
proposed as potential targets in combatting fibrosis. Recent experimental studies in animal …

Background & Aims Neutrophils are important immune effectors required for sterile and non-
sterile inflammatory responses. However, neutrophils are associated with pathology in drug …

Hepatocyte demise as well as signals released by stressed hepatocytes have been now
recognized as important triggers of liver inflammation. While traditional concepts classically …

In addition to liver‐resident Kupffer cells, infiltrating immune cells have recently been linked
to the development of liver fibrosis. Blood monocytes are circulating precursors of tissue …