Electrical stimulation over the mastoids or thoracic spinous processes has been used to
assess subcortical contribution to corticospinal excitability, but responses are difficult to …

These studies investigated whether a single electrical stimulus over the thoracic spine
activates corticospinal axons projecting to human leg muscles. Transcranial magnetic …

Somatosensory feedback to the central nervous system is essential to plan, perform and
refine spine motor control. However, the influence of somatosensory afferent input from the …

Rehabilitative interventions involving electrical stimulation show promise for neuroplastic
recovery in people living with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). However, the understanding of how …

The objective of this study was to assess changes in corticospinal excitability and spinal
output following noninvasive transpinal and transcortical stimulation in humans. The size of …

Locomotion requires the continuous integration of descending motor commands and
sensory inputs from the legs by spinal central pattern generator circuits. Modulation of spinal …

Objective: To investigate whether peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) of back extensor
muscles changes excitability of the corticospinal pathway of the stimulated muscle and …

In humans, trunk muscles have an essential role in postural control as well as walking.
However, little is known about the mechanisms of interaction with different muscles …

Introduction Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is widely used to investigate central
nervous system mechanisms underlying motor control. Despite thousands of TMS studies on …

This study aimed to assess the effects of thoracic anodal and cathodal transcutaneous
spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) on upper and lower limb corticospinal excitability …