Discussion Both the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency
have approved the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib for metastatic melanomas carrying BRAF …

Introduction: Alterations in some key components of the MAPK pathway, such as BRAF,
have been found to be related to the development of several malignancies. A number of …

The development of targeted inhibitors, vemurafenib and dabrafenib, has led to improved
clinical outcome for melanoma patients with BRAF V600E mutations. Although the initial …

Background Patients with BRAF mutation-positive advanced melanoma respond well to
matched therapy with BRAF or MEK inhibitors, but often quickly develop resistance. Methods …

BRAF is a serine/threonine protein kinase activating the MAP kinase/ERK-signaling
pathway. About 50% of melanomas harbors activating BRAF mutations (over 90% V600E) …

Oncogenic BRAF mutations are present in approximately 40–50% of patients with metastatic
melanoma. Targeting BRAF mutations with either small molecule inhibitors of BRAF or one …

PURPOSE BRAF/MEK inhibition is a standard of care for patients with BRAF V600E/K–
mutated metastatic melanoma. For patients with less frequent BRAF mutations, however …

BRAF and MEK inhibitors significantly prolong progression-free survival in patients with
BRAF mutant melanoma. However, most patients quickly develop drug resistance. The …

Background Approximately 50% of melanomas harbor activating (V600) mutations in the
serine–threonine protein kinase B-RAF (BRAF). The oral BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib …

Abstract The RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway is considered to be the most important signal
transduction pathway in melanoma, and alterations in this pathway via various genetic …