The discovery and development of small molecule inhibitors of mutant BRAF kinase and
MEK kinase have revolutionized the care of patients with melanoma. When used as single …

Introduction: Selective inhibition of the MAPK pathway with either BRAF or MEK inhibition
has emerged as a key component for the treatment of BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma …

Background Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition, as compared with BRAF inhibition alone,
delays the emergence of resistance and reduces toxic effects in patients who have …

Background Activating mutations in serine–threonine protein kinase B-RAF (BRAF) are
found in 50% of patients with advanced melanoma. Selective BRAF-inhibitor therapy …

A phase II trial comparing dual MAPK pathway inhibition by combining BRAF and MEK
inhibitors with BRAF inhibition alone showed increased progression-free survival and …

The development of novel treatments that selectively inhibit the RAS-RAF-MAPK pathway
represents a milestone in the history of melanoma treatment. BRAF mutations occur in …

BRAF mutations are identified in 40–50% of patients with melanoma. Treatment of these
patients with either of two BRAF inhibitors (vemurafenib, dabrafenib) or the MEK inhibitor …

Background Resistance to therapy with BRAF kinase inhibitors is associated with
reactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. To address this …

The treatment of melanoma has been revolutionized over the past decade with the
development of effective molecular and immune targeted therapies. The great majority of …

Background Recent clinical studies have shown that initial therapy with combined BRAF and
mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) inhibition is more effective in …