Methods Patients with heartburn underwent endoscopy and pH testing and were stratified
into 3 groups: erosive esophagitis (EE), nonerosive reflux disease (NERD), and functional …

Background & Aims Little is known about the causes of heartburn in patients with gastro-
esophageal reflux disease. Visible epithelial damage is seldom associated with symptom …

Heartburn is a symptom complex that has traditionally been accepted as an acid-mediated
event and a reliable indicator of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Recently, however, these …

Endoscopy-negative reflux disease is used to describe a heterogeneous group of disorders
with symptoms that mimic those of gastroesophageal reflux disease in the absence of visible …

Background: Patients with endoscopy‐negative heartburn can be subdivided into non‐
erosive reflux disease and functional heartburn on the basis of abnormal and normal …

Nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) is a distinct pattern of gastroesophageal reflux disease
(GERD). It is defined as a subcategory of GERD characterized by troublesome reflux‐related …

Background Mucosal innervation in non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD; pathological
esophageal acid exposure, normal macroscopic mucosa) is clearly distinct from that of …

Background Patients with functional heartburn (FH) experience troublesome heartburn that
is not related to gastroesophageal reflux. The etiology of the heartburn sensation in FH …

The characteristics of functional heartburn remain poorly understood. Savarino et al. have
now demonstrated that functional heartburn has more in common with functional dyspepsia …

Nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) is a common condition and the most frequent phenotype
of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). NERD is extremely heterogeneous and …