Objectives: This study sought to determine whether serum levels of testosterone and
estradiol associate with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in a large …

Objective: Our objective was to investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of
sex hormone concentrations with ankle-brachial index (ABI) and peripheral arterial disease …

OBJECTIVES: Low plasma testosterone is associated with increased mortality in men.
However, the relation between testosterone and cardiovascular disease is uncertain. We …

Background Despite evidence that estrogens may be involved in atherothrombosis, the role
of endogenous sex steroid hormones in ischemic arterial disease among postmenopausal …

Although treatment with high dose exogenous sex hormones affects cardiovascular risk, the
role of physiological levels of endogenous sex hormones in the development of …

Background A low testosterone level in men is associated with increased adiposity, insulin
resistance, and dyslipidemia. Whether low testosterone level is associated with arterial …

Background As the number of elderly women increases in Western society, peripheral
arterial disease (PAD) is likely to become an increasing problem. Hormone replacement …

Background—The burden of atherosclerosis especially afflicts the increasing older segment
of the population. Recent evidence has emphasized a protective role of endogenous sex …

BACKGROUND: The effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal
women on the development of peripheral atherosclerosis remains in question. The goal of …

Context Observational studies show discordant links between endogenous testosterone
levels and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Objective We assessed whether sex hormones …