Summary Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T‐cell‐mediated autoimmune disease resulting in islet
β‐cell destruction, hypoinsulinaemia and severely altered glucose homeostasis. Although …

The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly expanding. Some of the more obvious
pathologies associated with it include: defective glucose metabolism, obesity …

Due to their secretory function, β cells are predisposed to higher levels of endoplasmic
reticulum (ER) stress and greater sensitivity to inflammation than other cell types. These …

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a long‐term and chronic autoimmune disorder, in which
the immune system attacks the pancreatic β‐cells. Both adaptive and innate immune …

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease often diagnosed in childhood that
results in pancreatic β-cell destruction and life-long insulin dependence. T1D susceptibility …

Following the seminal discovery of insulin a century ago, treatment of individuals with type 1
diabetes (T1D) has been largely restricted to efforts to monitor and treat metabolic glucose …

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T cell–mediated autoimmune disease characterized by the
destruction of insulin‐secreting pancreatic β cells. In humans with T1D and in nonobese …

Evidence in support of the concept of local pancreatic islet inflammation as a mechanism of
β cell failure in type 2 diabetes is accumulating. Observations in human islets from type 2 …

Summary Type 1 diabetes (T1D) develops when there are insufficient insulin-producing beta
cells to maintain glucose homeostasis. The prevailing view has been that T1D is caused by …

Although a critical role of adaptive immune system has been confirmed in driving local and
systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes and promoting insulin resistance, the underlying …