Production of energy in a cell must keep pace with demand. Photoreceptors use ATP to
maintain ion gradients in darkness, whereas in light they use it to support phototransduction …

Photoreceptor cell death is the ultimate cause of vision loss in many retinal disorders, and
there is an unmet need for neuroprotective modalities to improve photoreceptor survival …

The M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase is expressed preferentially in cancer cells over other
pyruvate kinase isoforms. PKM2 is unique in its ability to be regulated allosterically by …

Glycolysis, a central metabolic pathway, harbors evolutionary conserved enzymes that
modulate and potentially shift the cellular metabolism on requirement. Pyruvate kinase …

Symbiotic relationships between neurons and glia must adapt to structures, functions, and
metabolic roles of the tissues they are in. We show here that Müller glia in retinas have …

Metabolic regulation influences cell proliferation. The influence of pyruvate kinase isoforms
on tumor cells has been extensively studied, but whether PKM2 is required for normal cell …

A metabolic hallmark of many cancers is the increase in glucose consumption coupled to
excessive lactate production. Mindful that L-lactate originates only from pyruvate, the …

Many cancer cells have increased rates of aerobic glycolysis, a phenomenon termed the
Warburg effect. In addition, in tumors there is a predominance of expression of the M2 …

Proliferating cells adapt metabolism to support the conversion of available nutrients into
biomass. How cell metabolism is regulated to balance the production of ATP, metabolite …

Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the transfer of a high-energy phosphate group from phosphoenol
pyruvate (PEP) to generate pyruvate and ATP, a reaction that is the rate-limiting step of the …