COPD, characterized by long-term poorly irreversible airway limitation and persistent
respiratory symptoms, has resulted in enormous challenges to human health worldwide …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of world-wide mortality
and disability. On average∼ 5–15% of adults in industrialized countries have COPD defined …

Due to well-conducted epidemiological studies and advances in genetics, molecular
biology, translational research, the advent of computed tomography of the lungs and …

There is increasing interest in the origins of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
as it is envisaged that preventive efforts and treatment can modify its clinical course. The …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic progressive disease of the
airways and lung parenchyma that is associated with exposure to tobacco smoke and other …

Environmental exposures and genetic susceptibility can contribute to lung function decline
in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The environmental factors are better …

Many studies have proved that the pathogenesis of the chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) and lung cancer is related, and may cause and affect each other to a …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has traditionally been considered a disease
of the lungs secondary to cigarette smoking and characterized by airflow obstruction due to …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to cause a heavy health and
economic burden around the world. Recent studies have added evidence to the etiologic …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide and a significant challenge for adult physicians. However, there is a …