Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) persists in cellular reservoirs despite effective
combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), and there is viremia flare-up upon therapy …

HIV persists in cellular reservoirs despite effective anti-retroviral therapy with rebound of
viremia upon therapy interruption. Opioids modulate the immune system and suppress …

About one third of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cases in the USA have been
attributed to the use of injected addictive drugs, frequently involving opioids like heroin and …

Drugs of abuse, such as opiates, have been widely associated with enhancing HIV
replication, accelerating disease progression and diminishing host-immune responses …

People with HIV are more likely to have opioid use disorder and to be prescribed opioids for
chronic pain than the general population; however, the effects of opioids on the immune …

People with HIV are more likely to have opioid use disorder and to be prescribed opioids for
chronic pain than the general population; however, the effects of opioids on the immune …

Despite the advent of antiretroviral therapy, complications of HIV-1 infection with concurrent
drug abuse are an emerging problem. Opiates are well known to modulate immune …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and drug abuse are intertwined epidemics, leading to
compromised adherence to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) and exacerbation of …

Rhesus monkeys {it (Macaca mulatta)} chronically administered opioids were more
susceptible to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strain mac239 (SIVmac239) infection …

Background Commonly used opioids, such as morphine have been implicated in
augmented SIV/HIV persistence within the central nervous system (CNS). However, the …