Environmental cadmium and lead exposures are widespread, and both metals are
nephrotoxic at high exposure levels. Few studies have evaluated the associations between …

Background Environmental factors have been associated with the outbreak of chronic
kidney disease (CKD). We evaluated the association of Cadmium (Cd) exposure with the …

Background Exposure to cadmium has been associated with nephropathy and implicated in
the development of diabetes and hypertension. The role of environmental metal exposure …

The present review aims to provide an update on health risks associated with the low-to-
moderate levels of environmental cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) to which most populations …

Long-term exposure to cadmium may cause kidney and bone damage. Urinary cadmium is
commonly used as the dose estimate for the body burden of cadmium. However, elevated …

Background: Urine cadmium concentrations were associated with all-cause and
cardiovascular mortality in men in the 1988–1994 US National Health and Nutrition …

Abstract Data (N= 10336) from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2003–
2016 for US adults aged≥ 20 years were analyzed to evaluate the concentrations of blood …

Environmental exposure to cadmium may cause kidney damage and tubular proteinuria. We
investigated the relationship between low-level cadmium exposure and end-stage renal …

Background Cadmium exposure has been associated with increased all-cause, cancer, and
cardiovascular disease mortality. However, studies investigating this association have …

Introduction Cadmium induces hypertension in animal models. Epidemiologic studies of
cadmium exposure and hypertension, however, have been inconsistent. Objective We …