Simple Summary Targeting the inhibitory receptors expressed by immune cells has
revolutionized the clinical management of cancer patients. Initially developed to enhance T …

Finding effective treatments for cancer remains a challenge. Recent studies have found that
the mechanisms of tumor evasion are becoming increasingly diverse, including abnormal …

Simple Summary The emergence of immunotherapy for cancer treatment bears
considerable clinical promise. The role of NK cells in tumor immunosurveillance and their …

In the tumor microenvironment, immune checkpoint ligands (ICLs) must be expressed in
order to trigger the inhibitory signal via immune checkpoint receptors (ICRs). Although ICL …

With the goal of harnessing the host's immune system to provide long-lasting remission and
cures for various cancers, the advent of immunotherapy revolutionized the cancer therapy …

T cells responding to persistent tumor or viral antigens progressively lose their functional
properties, a feature known as exhaustion. This state is also characterized by cell-surface …

Immune checkpoint blockade therapy has become a major weapon in fighting cancer.
Antibody drugs, such as anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1, demonstrate obvious advantages such …

In recent years, the role of cancer immunotherapy has become increasingly important
compared to traditional cancer treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy and …

Immunotherapy is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer. However, it shows limited
efficacy against certain tumor types. The activation of innate immunity can suppress tumors …

Simple Summary The tumor immune escape mechanisms are key factors in cancer
progression and metastasis. They are an undeniable hurdle for successful cancer treatment …