The re-creation of the tumor microenvironment including tumor–stromal interactions, cell–
cell adhesion and cellular signaling is essential in cancer-related studies. Traditional two …

Evaluation of cancer therapeutics by utilizing 3D tumor models, before clinical studies, could
be more advantageous than conventional 2D tumor models (monolayer cultures). The 3D …

Three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture models have an invaluable role in tumour biology
today providing some very important insights into cancer biology. As well as increasing our …

Abstract 3D in vitro models have been used in cancer research as a compromise between 2-
dimensional cultures of isolated cancer cells and the manufactured complexity of xenografts …

Numerous studies to date have contributed to a paradigm shift in modeling cancer, moving
from the traditional two-dimensional culture system to three-dimensional (3D) culture …

Tissues are three‐dimensional (3D) entities as is the tumor that arises within them. Though
disaggregated cancerous tissues have produced numerous cell lines for basic and applied …

The tumor microenvironment contributes significantly to tumor initiation, progression, and
resistance to chemotherapy. Much of our understanding of the tumor and its …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures have emerged as valuable tools in cancer
research, offering significant advantages over traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture …

The traditional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro cell culture system (on a flat support) has long
been used in cancer research. However, this system cannot be fully translated into clinical …

Cancer occurs when cells acquire genomic instability and inflammation, produce abnormal
levels of epigenetic factors/proteins and tumor suppressors, reprogram the energy …